The Controversial Idea Of Drug Testing Welfare Recipients

â€Å"Taxpayers should provide support to those in need; recipients, in return, should engage in responsible and constructive behavior as a condition of receiving aid.† (Robert Rector 2) As I worked on the controversial idea of drug testing welfare recipients, the most important thing I leaned is that Kline and colleagues surveyed substance use among a representative sample of welfare recipients in New Jersey. They found that 12 percent admitted that they used cocaine, but 25 percent tested positive for cocaine use based on hair sample analyses. Now that I know that, I can better understand the larger issue that the drug epidemic is monumental in the United States, and unfortunately we can not simply take peoples word on if they are using or†¦show more content†¦Although testing for welfare often receives backlash there is information that it would decrease drug abuse, that people deserve to know where their money is going, and it would ultimately save money. Drug abuse is a huge epidemic in America, and we need to come for all angles to try and stop it. One of which can be from the welfare side. Drug testing is thought to decrease drug abuse with people on welfare. If people know that they have to pass a drug test to be able to get money for their necessities, it may encourage them to never use in the first place. It also might help them realize they have a problem and help give them a reason to get clean. This is important because an addict needs something to drive them to want to get clean, and knowing they will not receive government assistance if using can be a huge reason to be clean. Also drug testing will make the state aware and available to help the welfare recipients. The Mayor of New York Rudolph W. Giuliani says, â€Å" Welfare recipients who test positive for drugs would be required to enroll in a drug treatment program or join a waiting list for treatment to keep getting benefits.† In Rhode Island a law bans recipients who fail a drug test from getting welfare for a year, unless they complete a substance abuse treatment successfully. Once they do complete treatment they can reapply after six months. Both of these states are giving people that fail a second chance, and maybe their only chance.

Essay about Black Americans - 2559 Words

Black Americans Black Americans are those persons in the United States who trace their ancestry to members of the Negroid race in Africa. They have at various times in United States history been referred to as African, coloured, Negro, Afro-American, and African-American, as well as black. The black population of the United States has grown from three-quarters of a million in 1790 to nearly 30 million in 1990. As a percentage of the total population, blacks declined from 19.3 in 1790 to 9.7 in 1930. A modest percentage increase has occurred since that time. Over the past 300 and more years in the United States, considerable racial mixture has taken place between persons of African descent and those with other racial backgrounds, mainly†¦show more content†¦Others landed as slaves in the West Indies and were later resold and shipped to the mainland. Slavery in America The earliest African arrivals were viewed in the same way as indentured servants from Europe. This similarity did not long co ntinue. By the latter half of the 17th century, clear differences existed in the treatment of black and white servants. A 1662 Virginia law assumed Africans would remain servants for life, and a 1667 act declared that Baptism do not alter the condition of the person as to his bondage or freedom. By 1740 the SLAVERY system in colonial America was fully developed. A Virginia law in that year declared slaves to be chattel personal in the hands of their owners and possessors . . . for all intents, construction, and purpose whatsoever. In spite of numerous ideological conflicts, however, the slavery system was maintained in the United States until 1865, and widespread antiblack attitudes nurtured by slavery continued thereafter. Prior to the American Revolution, slavery existed in all the colonies. The ideals of the Revolution and the limited profitability of slavery in the North resulted in its abandonment in northern states during the last quarter of the 18th century. At the same time the strength of slavery increased in the South, with the continuing demand for cheap labour by the tobacco growers and cotton farmers of the Southern states. By 1850, 92 percent of allShow MoreRelatedBlack Of Black And Black Americans870 Words   |  4 Pageslife for black people in the United States of America that has always remained consistent is white racial hostility. A history of slavery, segregation, unequal protection of the law, and second class citizenship inflicted by a white power structure that dominates on a national level has created a harmful reality for black people. Every aspect of black public life must either be under the control of or in opposition to white supremacy. Every state-sanctioned institution works to use black bodies asRead MoreThe Violence Of Black Americans Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesis evident that Black Americans are un-proportionally living in poverty and without easy access to achievement. This harsh reality is not helped by our media-driv en society. In a world so heavily integrated with mass media hysteria, we scroll past posts that can have the countering effects of degradation or empowerment through our identities. While movements of Black Power can be painted through media, it also not hard to see the difference between the ways in which Black Americans are manipulatedRead MoreBlack Americans And Indian Americans2476 Words   |  10 Pages Black Americans and Indian Americans Institute of affiliation Name Date â€Æ' Abstract This paper explores the cultures of the dominant Indian-American culture and the Black American ethnic communities. Their way of life including their historical pasts, languages, religious ways and social relations will be deeply enumerated. A comparison will be included and similarities and differences drawn between the two groups. The groups will be compared on how they can interact in a professional settingRead MoreThe Black Of African Americans879 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history African Americans have always suffered hatred and have always been rejected by Americans. As of today they are still [being treated like slaves as always ranked lower then rest of the people]*How then do you account for an African-American being the CEO of one of the top global companies?*. â€Å"Going to meet the man† a story by James Baldwin is a great example of how African Americans were treated in late 1900s; how they were used as entertainment for white people and how they wereRead M oreThe Death Of Black Americans1273 Words   |  6 Pagesused following the tragedy of death. Within the past few years, black Americans have been specifically targeted as victims of racial hate crimes. In 2016, more than 250 black Americans were killed by police (Huffington Post). The deaths of black Americans have become an epidemic, one that will have lasting effects on society. One effect is that of the â€Å"Black Lives Matter† movement which was birthed after the murder of an unarmed black teen in Sanford, FL. On February 26, 2012, Trayvon Martin wasRead MoreThe Dignity Of Black Americans1701 Words   |  7 Pagesdignity of Black Americans is being taken away by the same people who are getting paid by American tax dollars, to protect and serve. Because of this rash of recent deaths, Black Americas have started an initiative to ban together to fight the racial injustice in this country. Black Lives Matter is an organization of American activist who created a grass roots movement to abolish the degradation and demonization of Blacks Americans. This movement formed after the shooting death, of Florida Black AmericanRead MoreThe Inequality Of Black Americans923 Words   |  4 PagesFace Inequality Realism â€Å"Black people can not be racist, prejudice yes but not racist. Racism describes a system of disadvantage based on race. Black people can not be racist, since we can not stand to benefit from such a system,† (Dear White People). In the United States’ society, the oppression of black Americans is ingrained and rooted in history (â€Å"The Oppression†). With our country of immigrants, blacks were bought here by force and were kept as slaves for one-hundred fifty years (â€Å"The Oppression†)Read MoreBlack Americans And The Black Freedom Struggle1372 Words   |  6 PagesMany have thought that the end of the civil war was also the end of the suppression against Black Americans. However, real freedom hasn’t been present to them. Discriminations against Black Americans were transformed and still exist in other aspects. The life of a Black American was planned before he or she was born, not much freedom in their hands. Black American experience dis advantage and discrimination in many different institutions that all prove the existence of Neocolonialism. From housingRead MoreThe Diversity Of Black Americans1402 Words   |  6 PagesDiversity is now, more than ever before, at the forefront of the American conversation. Black people have been slowly but surely making gains in today’s society and in ways that were not possible before. African Americans are more educated and more affluent, and more important as consumers than ever before. By 2017, they are expected to have a spending power of 1.3 trillion dollars (Resilient, 2013). Young, influential, and brand loyal, this group should be the target of many companies. InterestinglyRead MoreThe American Dream And The Black American Reality908 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ideals of the American Dream through her characters: Walter, who embodies the quest for an opportunity for prosperity, Beneatha who wants the freedom to be herself and embrace her African heritage, and Lena (M ama) who buys a home in a white neighborhood pushing the boundaries of social mobility during that time. The Youngers are in a state of poverty, because of this as suggested by Lloyd Brown â€Å"their deprivations expose the gap between the American Dream and the Black American reality† (241).

Dual and Multiple Relationships and Boundaries Free Essays

Case study 14 is an illustration of a clinical situation that has a potential harm in terms of loss of objectivity and conflict of interest. Teresa being a professional counselor is entangled in a multiple relationship with her client. The ethical concern is on maintaining the boundaries. We will write a custom essay sample on Dual and Multiple Relationships and Boundaries or any similar topic only for you Order Now The potentiality of Teresa crossing them is high and precautions have to be taken. According to Herlihy and Corey,( 2006), boundaries get crossed if there is divergence from acceptable practices thus putting the client at a risk of harm. Another ethical concern is on whether Teresa will adhere to the code of ethics as expected of a professional counselor without compromising to some temptations.   Another concern is on how effective Teresa will be as a counselor in the way she handles Chris’ problem because the potentiality of her being influenced by the fact that Chris’ mother is her best friend, is high. Barbara Herlihy and Gerald Corey, (as cited from Knapp and Verdecreak, 2003) state that a sexual dual relationship is an absolutely harmful situation that should be avoided by all means because the repercussions severely affect individuals negatively. However the situation in the case of Theresa and Evelyn’s son, Chris has a low potentiality of harm especially if Teresa takes some important pre-cautions. Compared to sexual-dual relationship, counselors are also harmed or get stressed because circumstances force them to play different roles simultaneously and juggling between them can be very difficult. Gerald, Marianne and Patrick ( as cited from Lazarus and Zur, 2002) state that some multiple relationships are not harmful and are unavoidable. This can be explained by the fact that none of the codes of ethics deem non-sexual relationships unethical. This situation has a possibility of having a negative impact for instance impairment of judgment by the counselor because of the aspect of friendship between Theresa and her clients mother, alongside this is the possibility of Chris not being open enough to talk about everything that bugs him for fear of disclosure to the mother by his counselor. He may want to hide some information to protect him from the Teresa who is the mother’s friend. Efficacy in this case is questionable in the end, resulting in the client not getting the help he needs. My recommendation for Teresa would be to find another independent colleague to do the counseling. One who does not have   affiliations of any kind to both Chris and the mother. I would advice her to strongly advise Evelyn that the potential harm or risk is more intense than the hustle that comes with the 3km that she would have to do when   driving Chris to another counselor. This case can be ethically resolved by the following steps; a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teresa has to weigh the potential harm that exists if she takes on the counseling. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Upon commencement of the counseling session, Teresa should call upon her supervisor or colleague at work to supervise how she handles the counseling. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another consideration is that Teresa should explain about the risks to both Chris and his mother so as not to lose her friendship to Evelyn and to make it clear why she cannot counsel Chris. She should ask herself whether According to (Gottlieb and Younggren) as mentioned by Gerald, Marianne and Patrick, Teresa should establish the necessity of entering into a professional relationship since the friendship relationship still exists. Secondly, she should find out any potentiality of harm to the client in the event that she enters into a multiple relationship i.e. both the friendly one and the professional one. Teresa should determine whether the dual relationship is going to add value to the situation and if it will influence the manner in which she will analyze the problem. Thirdly she is obliged to let the parties at stake know the risks that come with multiple relationships and let the client to have a participatory role in the decisions made. Having done all these and there being no risk of harm Teresa should put every thing in writing showing consent by the client where the latter even appends his signature. Finally the counselor should consult with her colleagues who support the decision. In circumstances where a non professional relationship is unavailable the counselor should make sure that he does not cross boundaries or rather he just holds on to practices that are beneficial to the client. He should let the clients know about the pros and cons of dual or multiple relationships and should be prepared to face arising conflicts and discuss about the same with clients. The counselor should be alert incase he finds out that he might give an impaired professional judgment or foresees   harm, in which case he should reach out to other professionals for advice on how to handle any problematic situation. Dual relationships need to be documented. The last option would be to recommend counseling services from another professional. Herlihy and Gerald, citing St. Germaine (1993), suggest the above procedures to protect the client from the harm. As I disseminate my duties I will always make sure that I avoid dealing with clients with whom I have existing relations like friends, relatives and business associates. In line with this I would strictly maintain boundaries by refusing to receive gifts from clients, or exchanging goods and services for the services I render (Gabbord, 1994, 1995, 1996; Gutheil and Gabbard; 1993). Finally, I would always refer to the code of ethics and see to it that I don’t breach any of them. I would always keep it professional through documentation and filing of proceedings for further reference. References: Barbara, H., Gerald, C. (Eds.). ACA – Ethical Standards Casebook: (6th Edition). Gerald, C., Marianne, S, C. Patrick, C. (Eds.). ISSUES AND ETHICS IN HELPING PROFESSIONS: (7th Edition.) How to cite Dual and Multiple Relationships and Boundaries, Essay examples

Research Memorandum

Question: Describe about the Research Memorandum. Answer: Facts: Catriona Robertson charged with the drug transportation mainly of one of the dangerous drug of methylamphetamine and arrested for the same. Not only this, but she was accused of some other charges as well. The charges include; Dangerous drug trafficking which included mainly methylamphetamine in 200 grams or excess of the said quantity. The accused is a possession of property in question, primarily obtained from the dangerous drug trafficking. The accused kept the connections available that are useful for her purpose of trafficking. The accused even produced the drugs of heroin and methylamphetamine. Under such circumstances, the police surveillance used in the matter for over six months that covertly recorded many conversations of the accused and such details can use for evidence. The evidence coveted by the police includes the particulars of the conversation carried out and also various activities involving the processing of the business in the drug dealing. The police even found lot cash and other accessories related to the drug dealings. Now the main issue that comes here is, if the sentence goes against her, then she might have to spend a long time incarceration and her age is young[1]. At the same time, her crime record is not that gross to not grant bail. Her bail petition was also refused on 19th may, 2016 on the ground of her submission which is unyielding against her in providing the evidence for the matter. The main concern here is to challenge the decision and apply for a fresh bail appeal which is her right under the bails act 1980 (Qld). Issue: With the situation given here, what are the grounds that can deny the bail appeal concerning the circumstances arose against Catriona? What is the evidence that the accused Catriona must show in the court to grant an appeal for the revision of the judicial decision regarding the refusal of bail? Unlike from the above issue, if the accused applies for a fresh bail petition, then what are facts she must produce in the court to grant her bail. What is the best option to put forward after seeing the matters for whether Catriona can appeal or must go for a fresh bail petition? Discussion: At the Bails act[2], under the section of 16, the court holds the power to refuse the grant of bail, if certain conditions not fulfilled from the part of the accused. We will now look further to the act and the clauses under which the court holds the power to grant the bail. Sec 16 (a) explains that there might be a risk in the release of the accused on bail. The statement made under the sec 16 (a), also has two subclauses. Sec 16 (a) (i) claims that the accused may not appear to the court on the release of the bail and also fail to surrender before the forum if released on bail. Sec 16 (a) (ii) (A) explains and claims that the accused may further commit another offence if released on bail. Sec 16 (a) (ii) (B) explains that the life of the claimed victim might fall under the danger since that individual might be the defendant against the accused and also might risk other persons safety welfare. Sec 16 (a) (ii) (C) explains that if the accused s released on bail[3], then there might be interference on the part of the witness who prepared against the accused to come to court. The act of the accused may further obstruct the going process of the court with the justice and that may get delayed. Any other person related to the matter acting against the accused can also come in under the hindrance and the freedom to live ay get violated. Sec 16 (b) explains that sometimes the bail not granted on the ground that it is of the defendant's or the accuser's risk because if they are released on bail, then they fall into prey of violence. Sec 16 (1A) of the Act explains that the insufficient amount of the information against the defendant that is needed to decide the matter whether to grant the bail or not, then the court holds the power to restrict the bail on such grounds. Under the subclause of 1, it is defined that if there is less time regarding the decision of the matter to be carried out, then the court denies the bail upon special grounds. Clause 2 of the subsection 1(a) explains that the court or the police are to record all the incidents regarding the defendant before arresting and after kept in the custody. All the recorded incidents will take into account while the grant of bail to be approved from the part of the court. The records of the incidents include the following: Sec 16 (1A) (2) (a)- explains that the nature of the incident and how serious is it impact are prior in the record. Sec 16 (1A) (2) (b)- background of the accused or the defendant and also the environment and the personal character must be on the record. Sec 16 (1A) (2) (c)- the records and history of the previous appeals and grants of the bail and also any past record of offence with the ground for grant of bail. Sec 16 (1A) (2) (d) - the evidential strength of the defendant also all the evidence gathered against and for the respondent to be produced before the court when the bail petition prayed. Sec 16 (1A) (2) (e) (i)- explains that even the relationship f the defendant with the community will also put under while the appeal made for bail. (ii) Explains that the cultural considerations if any and also in (iii) any considerations and the services where the defendant participated and all the records that the court needs during the time of grant of bail. Sec 16 (3) of the Act explains that the court has the right to restrict the bail on the ground if the defendant found to be committing nay nuisance after the grant of the bail in the previous hearing. The description for subclause (b) explains, if the offence did concerning the section of 13[4] under the act, then the restriction over the grant of bail called by the court against the defendant. The subclause (c) explains that the bail will be restricted to the defendant if found to be using any dangerous weapon[5] against the victim or even threatened to have used one then upon such grounds the bail not granted. Subclause (d) specifies all the acts done by the defendant that goes against the act then the grant of the bail may be restricted. The meaning of the statement includes all the offences done against the section of 33(3) with the charges prescribe under sec 33(6). Subclause (e) explains that the action against the sec of 24 and 38 under the Criminal Organisation Act, 2009[6] a re non-bailable in nature. Subclause (f) says about the offences done with the charges against the sec of 359[7] with the aggrieved circumstances concerning the act of Criminal Code[8]. In all the circumstances the court or the police hold the right unless the defendant can prove that detention not justified from the part of the forum. Subsection (3A) of the section of 16 under the Bail's Act[9] explains that the bail petition can get rejected, if the defendant found to be a member of the criminal and has involved in such activities, then the court or the police hold the right to reject the bail petition. Applying the rules to the given matter of Catriona we can find that the accused here have enough grounds to challenge the decision of the judicial division. Eligibility for bail: While taking the reference from the section of 16(3) to grant the bail[10], we find that Catriona falls under the section where the decision can be challenged. The statement made on the basis that most of the jurisdictions in Australia[11] have the right to grant the bail and also make the presumption for the favour of granting bail. In the Australia itself, there are two jurisdictions[12] of the grant of bail. The presumption of the bail based on the combination of the both laws depends on upon the detention of the defendants detain the custody and also the measure of the offence done as stated under the bail act. If there are minor crimes, then the bail granted in one attempt but for some matters the grant becomes complicated. As discussed in the issue of kuczborski v the state of queensland[13], the grant of the bail is a mandatory in regards to the offence and it is to make clear prosecution and the outcome must be an active case for the rejection of the bail. In the petty sessions of the court, the grant of bail involves the combination of the right and the presumption as stated in the pg 74 of 3741 of the act. The major matters like the murders are only decided by the Supreme Court whether the grant of bail can be justified or not. The matter of Catriona for the appeal of bail decided at the Queensland Supreme Court[14] on the grounds held under sec 16(3). Under the section of 16(3), there is a clear mention that the bail cannot grant under the offence committed with or without the grant of bail. In this context, we must note the point, which the court did not allow Catriona to produce any pieces of evidence from the defence. Not only that even the charges made by the police did not arrive at the defence against Catriona. Hence, we see that the bail was refused on the ground of the assumption of the weight of the offences and no evidence was produced for or against her. Even there were no relevant charges that can be applied with the reference of sec 16 (3) of the act then also, the Judge Quant J brought some serious issue and assumption of the risks related if there was a grant of bail. The situations occurred in the matter of Catriona along with following the rules under the Bails Act, the remedy advisable to Catriona to revise the decision of the judicial division. Along with that Catriona must also produce the shreds of evidence that shows off her previous criminal record if any and then the grant of the bail can depend on upon such references produced by her. The counsel of Catriona must also highlight the fact with which the decision was passed while challenging the same. Also, the challenge must include that Catriona will not spread any danger to the normal society after the grant of bail and she will be present during the prosecution. The date is a long time gap from the date the bail issued so the court must allow the bail under the consideration fact, R v. Light[15]. Another matter of the Burton v. R[16] also explains about the bail in consideration. Conclusion: It is the prima facie right[17] of Catriona to attain a bail under the bail's act R v. Fisher[18]. Various courts adopted the decision regarding this case in deciding the grant of bail under the unusual circumstances and the presumed matters. The prima facie fact also includes the liberty of the accused to plead for grant of bail. Based on the decision of the various courts, the rejection of the bail from the part of Catriona seems to have been done under some ideal conditions. While going through the matter for her, it is always possible to apply for the revision of the bail decision passed by her honour. In the reference to the sec 16 (3), if the bail moved in that manner then there is scope for the revision as the claimed accuse seems to be missing from her matter so as not to grant the petition for bail. Hence, in the given situation, the best route is to go for the revision of the decision with the surrender of documents specially the passport. Bibliography: A, Robinson and Bartkowiak Thron, "Policing Youth Curfews" [2014] The'Wee Willie Winkie'model of enforcing bail conditions. An Application For Bail (2016) www.legalaid.nsw.gov.au Applying For Bail | Your Rights, Crime And The Law | Queensland Government (2016) Qld.gov.au Bail - Queensland Courts (2016) Courts.qld.gov.au Criminal Code Act 1899 (2016).053.pdf High Court Of Australia (2016). High Court Upholds Validity Of QueenslandS Criminal Organisation Act 2009 - Crown Law (2016) Crownlaw.qld.gov.aue Social Democacy.