Dog Phobia Case Study Essay Sample free essay sample

A phobic disorder is an â€Å"irrational fright of a specific object. activity. or state of affairs that leads to a compelling desire to avoid the topic of the phobia† ( Ankrom. 2009 pg. 325 ) . Phobias are a type of anxiousness upset that may go forth an person with a strong irrational fright of something that poses really small or no danger to the person. Phobias. to the person may do physical symptoms such as terror. fright. rapid pulse. shortness of breath. trembling. or a strong desire to avoid a specific state of affairs or object wholly. To the person affected by a phobic disorder. his or her fright is non merely rational but besides really existent. Get the better ofing a phobic disorder can be a womb-to-tomb procedure in placing the true nature of the phobic disorder. happening the beginnings of the phobic disorder. and possible extinction of the specific phobic disorder. Regardless how a phobic disorder is acquired the single agony with this type of anxiousness upset identifies the phobic disorder as existent and at times can go enfeebling. In this instance survey of Sally. the subjects of operant and classical conditioning and experimental behaviour are explored as it pertains to the instance of Sally and her fright of Canis familiariss. In add-on. this paper will try to research the different therapies that may be contributing to assisting Sally larn to place and get by with her phobic disorder every bit good as understanding the beginnings of her phobic disorder. Dog Phobia Case Study of Sally â€Å"Sally is a 20 three twelvemonth old adult female who has a terrible phobic disorder of Canis familiariss. She has had this phobic disorder since she had a negative experience with Canis familiariss when she was in the 2nd class. She now goes out of her manner to avoid Canis familiariss and topographic points that Canis familiariss may be. This causes her to see anxiousness when she meets person new and is invited to an unfamiliar country. † Operant Conditioning In this illustration of a Canis familiaris phobic disorder. Sally may hold been affected in several ways while developing this phobic disorder from early childhood. Operant conditioning theory suggests that support. penalty. and extinction are indispensable tools to assist place the development of a phobic disorder. In Sally’s instance. the incident that occurred in 2nd class that caused Sally a negative experience with a Canis familiaris began the initial flicker that ignited Sally’s initial fright. Although Sally had the initial experience. most of her experiences from that point frontward with other Canis familiariss can merely be viewed merely as negative interaction. therefore reenforcing the phobic disorder. Sally developed the initial fright merely reinforced her phobic disorder by avoiding other Canis familiariss and taking herself from state of affairss that may do Sally to meet another Canis familiaris. Punishment. in operant conditioning theory is any effect that causes a behaviour to happen with less frequence. In Sally’s instance. the more she avoided Canis familiariss and less interaction with state of affairss that may include a Canis familiaris. Sally will hold less effects of her phobic disorder. The less Sally interacts with Canis familiariss or finds herself in a state of affairs that may take her to interact with a Canis familiaris. extinction of Sally’s phobic disorder may happen. Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning theory suggests that larning new behaviours through the procedure of association will ensue in a erudite response. Phobias are learned behaviours through traumatic or life changing events. where an single associates a specific stimulation with a specific response. Certain stimulation introduced in a precise mode will finally arouse specific responses in worlds ( Wells. 1997 ) . In the instance of Sally. the innate stimulation ( UCS ) the negative interaction with a Canis familiaris evoked an innate response ( UCR ) . a fright of Canis familiariss. As clip progressed. Sally began to tie in her fright of Canis familiariss. a learned response ( CR ) with the thought or idea of a state of affairs that involved Canis familiariss. a learned stimulation ( CS ) . therefore doing Sally to avoid people and state of affairss that cause Sally any uncomfortableness. Harmonizing to the theory of classical conditioning. the specific fright ( UCR ) caused by the negative inter action with a Canis familiaris ( UCS ) can be unlearned by merely change by reversaling the procedure ( Wells. 1997 ) . Showing the topic. in this instance Sally. with the learned stimulation ( CS ) without the presence of the innate stimulation ( US ) the fright will no longer arouse a response by the debut of Canis familiariss ( CS ) . This is known as the procedure of extinction. By showing Sally with a Canis familiaris easy in a controlled environment. working specifically with her comfort threshold. finally Sally may larn how to prosecute Canis familiariss without the fright of Canis familiariss ( CR ) antecedently impacting Sally’s life. Observational Learning The social-cognitive theory suggests that worlds learn by detecting the behaviours of other persons within his or her environment. â€Å"The individual being observed is called a theoretical account and this experimental acquisition procedure is besides known as modeling† ( Cervone A ; Pervin. 2010 ) . In the instance of Sally. her response to the negative experience with a Canis familiaris in 2nd class may hold been a erudite response Sally observed from another person in her environment. By detecting the actions of others in response to negative experience or fright pertaining to Canis familiariss. the phobic disorder Sally developed may hold been an ascertained response Sally witnessed from a theoretical account within her environment. Sally may hold learned prior to the initial experience with the Canis familiaris that Canis familiariss can ache worlds. hence amplifying the response to what Sally perceived as a negative experience from childhood. Unfortunately. in the ins tance survey of Sally’s phobic disorder of Canis familiariss. the reader is non secluded to the fortunes or the incident Sally had with the Canis familiaris. No grounds is present which would otherwise belie a negative experience. nevertheless with the information given ; one can non cognize the true injury inflicted by the Canis familiaris in Sally’s instance. Extinction of Sally’s Phobia Extinction refers to the gradual weakening of a learned response that consequences in a specific behaviour decreasing or vanishing wholly. In the instance of Sally’s Canis familiaris phobic disorder extinction can be good in many ways. The theory of extinction exists in both operant and classical conditioning. In classical conditioning the negative experience with the Canis familiaris ( the innate stimulation ) paired with the terrible fright of Canis familiariss ( the unconditioned response ) finally may go nonextant through controlled interaction ( Beck A ; Emery. 2005 ) . Using a Canis familiaris ( learned stimulation ) to demo Sally her frights ( conditioned response ) are irrational extinction may happen. Using a Canis familiaris bit by bit to demo Sally that Canis familiariss will non do a negative experience finally may assist Sally get the better of her fright of Canis familiariss and state of affairss that may affect Canis familiariss ( extinction ) . By easy present ing Sally to the initial beginning of her fright. demoing Sally she genuinely has nil to fear may assist eliminate the fright wholly. Using the operant conditioning theoretical account of extinction. originating several interactions for Sally with a Canis familiaris finally may quiet Sally’s fright of Canis familiariss. The consistent positive exposure to a Canis familiaris may do the fright of Canis familiariss to decrease and finally disappear. therefore doing extinction of the initial fright caused by Canis familiariss. Positive support to belie a negative response finally will do a positive response. Sally may develop an indifference to Canis familiariss with adequate exposure taking to extinction of her phobic disorder. Although extinction may happen. this does non propose the fright or phobic disorder is gone. Sally finally may return to her innate province. Leting excessively much clip to pass after a response has been extinguished can ensue in self-generated recovery of the response. If Sally’s positive exposure to Canis familiariss Michigans for any continuance of clip. she may get down to re turn to her old response. contradicting the old positive exposure that aided in the extinction of her phobic disorder. Cognitive Theory and Sally’s Phobia The cognitive theory marks the believing procedure of the person and how he or she perceives his or her outward environment ( Beck A ; Emery. 2005 ) . Cognitive theory would assist Sally measure the negative experience with the Canis familiaris from the 2nd class. During this rating. Sally would be guided through the experience with the Canis familiaris in order to place what inside her caused the phobic disorder. Once the cause of the phobic disorder is identified. the cognitive psychologist would assist Sally alter her perceptual experience of Canis familiariss and the negative experience so Sally may finally get the better of her fright of Canis familiariss. The cognitive attack would propose the terror and fright coupled with the exposure to a Canis familiaris or the idea of being in a state of affairs that would do Sally to interact with a Canis familiaris. is a direct consequence of what Sally thinks about the interaction. Change the manner Sally thinks about Canis familiariss . alter the phobic disorder response. Thinking affects feelings. of course if Sally has negative ideas about Canis familiariss. Sally will besides experience negatively toward Canis familiariss. DecisionPhobias can be enfeebling and frequently really terrible for persons who suffer from these irrational frights. Although a phobic disorder to a rational thought person may look absurd. to the person who suffers from the phobic disorder. these frights are really rational and really existent. Phobias can forestall an person from executing even the simplest undertaking. forestall an person from take parting in societal activities and cause terrible physical reaction within the person. Therapy can frequently be successful in assisting an single overcome his or her phobic disorder. With finding and receptivity to therapy. a individual bit by bit may go good adjusted to his or her fright. Confronting these phobic disorders head-on with aid from a professional can turn out to be highly utile and curative in the recovery procedure. A phobic disorder is a really existent fright to the person who suffers with this anxiousness upset. In the instance of Sally. many options for therapy are available and have been proven to be rather effectual. Mention Ankrom. S. ( 2009 ) Development of frights and phobic disorder. Pgs. 310-345 Retrieved February 2. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //panicdisorder/b/2009/04/27/classical-conditioning-and-the-development-of-fears-and-phobias. htm Beck. A. T. . A ; Emery. G. . ( 2005 ) Anxiety upsets and phobic disorders: a cognitive position. Chapter 4 pg. 325 Retrieved February 2. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //books. Google. com/books? hl=en A ; lr= A ; id=xHZWwGK42q8C A ; oi=fnd A ; pg=PR15 A ; dq=cognitive+theory+and+phobias A ; ots=zvdrJsiMAv A ; sig=-YKZQON6bIlUtQF74ljFa05zwL4 # v=onepage A ; q=cognitive % 20theory % 20and % 20phobias A ; f=false Cervone. D. A ; Pervin. L. A. . ( 2010 ) Personality. Theory and research. Eleventh Edition. Chapter 12: Social-Cognitive Theory Retrieved February 2. 2012 from the University of Phoenix website hypertext transfer protocol: //ecampus. Phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader. aspx # ch12lev2sec11 Wells. A. ( 1997 ) Anxiety upsets: a pattern manual and conceptual usher. Hoboken. NJ Wiley and Sons Inc xiv retrieved February 2. 2013 from hypertext transfer protocol: //psycnet. apa. org/psycinfo/1997-36553-000